Important Notes On 7th History Chapter 4
The Mughal Traditions of Succession
The Mughals did not believe in the rule of primogeniture, where the eldest son inherited his fatherтАЩs estate. Instead they followed the Mughal and Timurid custom of coparcenary inheritance, or a division of the inheritance amongst all the sons.
Do You Know?
Who Were The Mughals?
The Mughals were descendants of two great lineages of rulers. From their motherтАЩs side they were descendants of Genghis Khan (died 1227), the Mongol ruler who ruled over parts of China and Central Asia. From their fatherтАЩs side they were the successors of Timur (died 1404), the ruler of Iran, Iraq and modern-day Turkey.
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What Was Mughal Military Campaigns?
Babur, the first Mughal emperor (1526-1530), succeeded to the throne of Ferghana in 1494 when he was only 12 years old. He was forced to leave his ancestral throne due to the invasion of another Mongol group, the Uzbegs. After years of wandering he seized Kabul in 1504. In 1526 he defeated the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi, at Panipat and captured Delhi and Agra.
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How Was The Mughal Relations With Other Rulers?
Take a look at Table 1 once again. You will notice that the Mughal rulers campaigned constantly against rulers who refused to accept their authority. But as the Mughals became powerful many other rulers also joined them voluntarily. The Rajputs are a good example of this. Many of them married their daughters into Mughal families and received high positions. But many resisted as well.
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What Do You Meant By Mansabdars?
As the empire expanded to encompass different regions the Mughals recruited diverse bodies of people. From a small nucleus of Turkish nobles (Turanis) they expanded to include Iranians, Indian Muslims, Afghans, Rajputs, Marathas and other groups. Those who joined Mughal service were enrolled as mansabdars.
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What Were Major Campaigns And Events?
1526 тАУ defeated Ibrahim Lodi and his Afghan supporters at Panipat.
1527 тАУ defeated Rana Sanga, Rajput rulers and allies at Khanua.
1528 тАУ defeated the Rajputs at Chanderi; Established control over Agra and Delhi before his death.
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Class 7 Social Science тАУ History Chapter 4 тАУ Important Questions
Lahore
Panipat
Delhi
Mathura
Agra
Ajmer
Marwar
Mewar
Deccan
Chittor
Often mansabdars had to serve outside their jagirs therefore the revenue from their jagir was collected by their servants
Therefore, zamindar were intermediaries, whether they were local headmen of the village or powerful chieftains.
Akbar also realized that there teachings created divisions and disharmony amongst his subjects.
Disenchanted Akbar decided to work out new policy of governance in consultation with his trusted friend and Counsellor Abul Fazl.
As a result, he proposed the idea of sulh-i kul тАЭuniversal peaceтАЭ i.e., religious tolerance.
Mughals did not like to be called Mughal or Mongol because of Genghis KhanтАЩs image as murderer of innumerable people.
Also Uzbegs, another Mongols tribe was a competitor of Mughals. Therefore, Mughals liked to be associated with Timurid descent.
It was the most important source of income, Money, thus, collected was invested on building forts, ward and for the welfare of subjects.
It was so important that for the proper calculation of land revenue, Todar Mal took ten years to carry out detailed research in land revenue accounts.
Mughals did not want turanis and Iranis to come together and rebel against the emperor.
Mughals also wanted to incorporate the subcontinental people of warrior classes to participate in the running of the mansabdri system. Hence, Mughals recruited mansabdars from not only Turanis and Iranis classes but also from Rajputs, Sikha, Marathas, Dessanis, Afghanis and Indian Muslims.
No, the gap in the income between the rich and the poor in India has not changed a great deal from the period of the Mughals, but the incomes have highly increased compared to that period.