Important Notes On 7th History Chapter 1
When historians read documents, maps and texts from the past they have to be sensitive to the different historical backgrounds – the contexts – in which information about the past was produced.
Historical records exist in a variety of languages which have changed considerably over the years. Medieval Persian, for example, is different from modern Persian.
While the idea of a geographical and cultural entity like “India” did exist, the term “Hindustan” did not carry the political and national meanings which we associate with it today.
In the medieval period a “foreigner” was any stranger who appeared say in a given village, someone who was not a part of that society or culture. (In Hindi the term pardesi might be used to describe such a person and in Persian, ajnabi.) A city-dweller, therefore, might have regarded a forest-dweller as a “foreigner”, but two peasants living in the same village were not foreigners to each other, even though they may have had different religious or caste backgrounds.
Compare The Following
(1) In the middle of the thirteenth century a scholar wanted to copy a book. But he did not have enough paper. So he washed the writing off a manuscript he did not want, dried the paper and used it.
(2) A century later, if you bought some food in the market you could be lucky and have the shopkeeper wrap it for you in some paper.
Manuscripts were collected by wealthy people, rulers, monasteries and temples. They were placed in libraries and archives. These manuscripts and documents provide a lot of detailed information to historians but they are also difficult to use.
The fourteenth-century chronicler Ziyauddin Barani wrote his chronicle first in 1356 and another version two years later. The two differ from each other but historians did not know about the existence of the first version until the 1960s. It remained lost in large library collections.
7th Social Science – History Chapter 1 – Important Questions
False
Persian wheel in irrigation.
Fire arms in combat.
Spinning wheel in weaving.
New foods and brewages like potato, corn, chillies, tea and coffee.
Some of the major significant religious developments occurred in the Hinduism which included the worship of new deities.
Hindus started the construction of temples by royalty.
Importance of Brahmanas and the priests grown and they became dominant groups of the society.
There was also the emergence of the idea of bhakti i.e. of a loving, personal deity.
During this period, new religions like Islam appeared in the subcontinent who brought the teachings of holy Quran.
Many rulers were patrons of Islam and the ulama.
The merchants and migrants brought with them the teachings of Quran, the holy book of Muslims.
In the 16th century Babar used the same term to describe the geography, the fauna and the culture of the inhabitants of this subcontinent. In 14th century Amir Khusaru used the term ‘Hind’ in the same sense as Babar did in 16th century.
But the term ‘Hindustan’ never carried the political and national meanings as the term ‘India’ does today.
Jatis formed their own rules and regulations.
There was an assembly of elders called Jati panchayat which used to enforce the rules etc.
Jatis were also directed to follow the rules of the village.
Several villages were governed by a chieftain.
Manuscripts are in dilapidated condition sometimes even too bad to touch.
Their copies have been distorted by the scribes – sentences and words here and there.
Some of these are written in Shikaste (illegible) script.
The historians faced a lot of problems because time itself reflects changes in social and economic, organisation, in the persistence and transformation of ideas and beliefs.
Therefore, describing the entire period as one historical unit is not without its problems.
“Modernity”” also carries a sense of material progress and intellectual advancement.
The study of time is made somewhat easier by dividing the past into large segments periods which possess shared characteristics.
But they had to face difficulties in doing so as discontinuity did exist. Textual records increased heavily
Gram Sevak (a government employee) writes these records.
Yes, there is a room contains so many old records about our village.
All the records are managed by Sarpanch (the head of the village).
Documents related to land of village, dates of birth and deaths, data of health centre, counting of public properties in the village, etc. are stored in archive.
The villagers use it as per requirement. According to need, the certificates are issued to the villagers on the basis of these records.