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Important Keywords
- Balanced diet: A diet which provides all the essential nutrients in the right amounts.
- Roughage: The fibre content of the food.
- Food components: All the nutrients present in the food.
- Deficiency diseases: Diseases that occur due to lack of vitamins and minerals in the body.
- Dehydration: A condition in which our body loses a large amount of water.
- Anaemia: A condition in which haemoglobin count decreases in the blood.
Main Points For Quick Revision
- Our food has different components.
- Carbohydrates and fats are energy-giving food.
- Food processing may alter the quality of food.
- Roughage helps to prevent constipation.
- Proteins are body-building food, minerals and vitamins are for growth and carrying out body function.
- We should take a balanced diet rich in all the nutrients.
- Deficiency diseases are caused due to lack of minerals and vitamins in the body.
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What Do Different Food Items Contain?
This part of the content helps to understand the importance of consuming the right kind of food in proportion. As we know, food is essential for┬аbody movement┬аall living organisms. If a person does not get food, he feels weak and likely to feel ill. Food provides energy for doing work, help in the growth of cells and protects our body from various diseases. Food is usually made up of many ingredients or components that are needed by our body called тАШNutrientsтАЩ. The major nutrients in our food are named Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins and Minerals that are required for the survival of living beings.
What Do Various Nutrients Do For Our Body?
The components present in our food that normally, provide energy to our body are called Carbohydrates. Wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits are good sources of carbohydrates. Butter, ghee, groundnut, different oils are good sources of fats. Fats act as fuel in our body, but they provide more energy than carbohydrate. We have to remember that too much fat deposition is harmful to the body. Proteins type of food is also needed for the growth and repair of our body. If our body gets damaged or cut from sharp things, protein helps to heal that wound. Milk, fish, meat, cheese, moong, peas are a good source of proteins.
Vitamins And Minerals In Food
Vitamins and Minerals in Food Vitamin helps in protecting our body against diseases. There are different types of vitamins like Vitamin A, B, C, D, E, K required by our body. They help in keeping our eyes, skin, bone, teeth and gums healthy and fight against many diseases. Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Iron, Zinc, Copper, Iodine are examples of minerals. Our body needs minerals and Vitamins in small amounts. Each one is essential for the proper growth of our body and to maintain good health. Two components of food that do not provide nutrients are water and roughage (dietary fibre).┬аWater┬аis needed for various functions such as transport of digested food, to excrete waste products and roughage needed for working of digestive systems.
Balance Diet
In this part of the content gives an idea about regular diet and its importance in our lives. Fats, proteins and starch are not present in all food items. Some food items have fat; some have protein or starch, or some have the parts of nutrients. When the body does not get adequate nutrition, it is said to be suffering from malnutrition. The diet or food which contains all the essential nutrients in the right proportion is called a balanced diet. Thus, a balanced diet depends on the physical work done and the age of a person. Remember, a growing age person needs more protein diet as compared to an old age person.
Deficiency In Nutrition
This part of the chapter deals with different diseases caused by lack of nutrition. A person may be taking the right amount of food, but if he does not take one or two nutrients for a long time, the person may suffer from its deficiency, which may result in deficiency disease in that person. So, we should prevent these diseases and take a well Balanced diet. At last, we can say good тАШbalanced dietтАЩ is that which contains adequate amounts of all the nutrients as well as a sufficient quantity of water and roughage required by our body. The quantity of water required depends on the┬аsurrounding of the living organisms.
Deficiency Diseases
Sometimes we a person who has poor or loss of vision in the darkness. There may be the person is suffering from night blindness deficiency from vitamin A. If anybody has weak muscles and very little energy to work, it shows that he is suffering from Beriberi, lack of Vitamin-B 1. Proteins are Deficient, that may cause Kwashiorkor. Similarly, Deficiency of Vitamins can cause night blindness, beriberi anaemia scurvy and rickets. Water is also equally essential to us. Deficiency of water can cause dehydration also.
Important Questions On 6th Science Chapter 2 For Practice
1. Given below are the steps to test the presence of proteins in a food item:
(i) Take a small quantity of the food item in a test tube, add 10 drops of water to it and shake it.
(ii) Make a paste or powder of food to be tested.
(iii) Add 10 drops of caustic soda solution to the test tube and shake well.
(iv) Add 2 drops of copper sulphate solution to it.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of the steps?
(a) i, ii, iv, iii (b) ii, i, iv, iii (c) ii, i, iii, iv (d) iv, ii, i, iii
Answer: (b) ii, i, iv, iii
2. Which one of the following food item does not provide dietary fibre?
(a) Whole grains (b) Whole pulses (c) Fruits and vegetables (d) Milk
Answer: (d) Milk
3. Which of the following nutrients is not present in milk?
(a) Protein (b) Vitamin C (d) Calcium (d) Vitamin D
Answer: (b) Vitamin C
Read the following statements about diseases.
(i) They are caused by germs.
(ii) They are caused due to lack of nutrients in our diet.
(iii) They can be passed on to another person through contact.
(iv) They can be prevented by taking a balanced diet.
4. Which pair of statements best describe a deficiency disease?
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (ii) and (iii) (c) (ii) and (iv) (d) (i) and (iii)
Answer: (c) (ii) and (iv)
Fill In The Blanks
1. Fill in the blanks from the list of words given below:
(carbohydrate, fat, protein, starch, sugar, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, roughage, balanced diet, obesity, goitre)
(a) Egg yolk is rich in ____________ and egg albumin is rich in __________.
(b) Deficiency diseases can be prevented by taking a ___________.
(c) Eating too much of fat rich foods may lead to a condition called ____________.
(d) The component of food that does not provide any nutrient to our body and yet is essential in our food is ___________.
Answer: (a) fat, protein; (b) balanced diet; (c) obesity; (d) roughage
2. While using iodine in the laboratory, some drops of iodine fell on PaheliтАЩs socks and some fell on her teacherтАЩs saree. The drops of iodine on the saree turned blue black while their colour did not change on the socks. What can be the possible reason?
Answer: The saree of PaheliтАЩs teacher might have been starched, and starch turns blue black with iodine solution. PaheliтАЩs socks did not have starch on it thereby showing no change.
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Important Questions On Class 6 Science Chapter 2
(b) Starch : Potatoes, Sugar, Rice etc.
(c) Dietary fibre : Vegetables, Fresh fruits etc.
(d) Protein : Milk, Beans, Egg, Cheese etc.
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What Do You Mean By Nutrients?
Each dish is usually made up of one or more ingredients, which we get from plants or animals. These ingredients contain some components that are needed by our body. These components are called nutrients. The major nutrients in our food are named carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals.
How Would You Determine That A Food Item Contains Starch?
Take a small quantity of a food item or a raw ingredient. Put 2-3 drops of dilute iodine solution on it. Observe, there is a change in the colour of the food item. It turns as a blue-black colour. A blue-black colour indicates that it contains starch.
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тАЬA Food Items, Contains FatтАЭ. How Would You Understand By This Statement?
Take a small quantity of a food item. Wrap it in a piece of paper and crush it. Take care that the paper does not tear. An oily patch on paper shows that the food item contains fat.
The food items may sometimes contain a little water. Therefore, after you have rubbed an item on paper, let the paper dry for a while. If there were any water that may have come from food, it would dry up after some time. If no oily patch shows up after this, the food item does not contain any fat.
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Which Type Of Food Mainly Provides Energy To Our Body? Write Also Their Sources.
Carbohydrates mainly provide energy to our body. Fats also give us energy. In fact, fats give much more energy as compared to the same amount of carbohydrates. Foods containing fats and carbohydrates are also called тАШenergy giving foodsтАЩ.
Rice, potato, sweet potato, sugarcane, papaya etc. are the sources of carbohydrate.
Ghee, butter, milk, oil (any), egg, fish, meat etc. are the sources of fats.
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Component Of Food
Components means the ingredient which is present in our food. And food is a nutritious diet that organisms consume or absorb to maintain their various functions of life and development. Hence, the term component of food refers, the major nutrients in our food, which are named as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals.
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Which Type Of Food Is Needed For The Growth And Repair To Our Body? How Would You Obtain This Type Of Food?
Proteins are needed for the growth and repair of our body. Foods containing proteins are often called Body Building Foods. Soybeans, dal, peas, milk, paneer, fish, eggs, meat, etc., are the sources of protein.
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What Is Dietary Fibres? Write Down Its Sources Also.
Dietary fibres are also known as roughage. Roughage does not provide any nutrient to our body, but is an essential component of our food and adds to its bulk. This helps our body get rid of undigested food.
Roughage is mainly provided by plant products in our foods. Whole grains and pulses, potatoes, fresh fruits and vegetables are main sources of roughage.
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How Would You Show That Vegetables Or Fruits Contain Water?
Take a tomato or a fruit like lemon. Cut it into small pieces. Carefully observe whenever vegetables and fruits are being cut, peeled, grated or mashed. Some water comes out from them. We see that many food materials themselves contain water. To some extent, our body needs are met by this water. Apart from this, we also add water while cooking many food items.
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Do We Need Water For Our Body? Discuss.
Yes, because water helps our body to absorb nutrients from food. It also helps in throwing out some wastes from body as urine and sweat. Normally, we get most of the water that our body needs from the liquids we drink тАФ such as water, milk and tea. In addition, we add water to most cooked foods.
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Vitamins And Their Importance
Vitamins are of different kinds known by different names. Some of these are Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E and K. There is also a group of vitamins called Vitamin B-complex. Vitamin A keeps our skin and eyes healthy. Vitamin C helps body to fight against many diseases. Vitamin D helps our body to use calcium for bones and teeth. Vitamins help in protecting our body against diseases. Vitamins also help in keeping our eyes, bones, teeth and gums healthy. Although, our body needs all types of vitamins in small quantities.
Can Any Person Take A Balanced Diet Without Expensive Food Materials? Is It Possible? Discuss.
Yes, of course. He should take pulses, groundnut, soybean, sprouted seeds (moong and Bengal gram), fermented foods (South Indian foods such as idlis), a combination of flours (missi roti, thepla made from cereals and pulses), banana, spinach, sattu, jaggery, available vegetables and other such foods provide many nutrients. Therefore, one can eat a balanced diet without expensive food materials.
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Some Nutrients Get Lost In The Process Of Cooking And PreparationтАЭ. Explain.
If the vegetables and fruits are washed after cutting or peeling them, it may result in the loss of some vitamins. The skins of many vegetables and fruits contain vitamins and minerals. Similarly, repeated washing of rice and pulses may remove some vitamins and minerals present in them.
We all know that cooking improves the taste of food and makes it easier to digest. At the same time, cooking also results in the loss of certain nutrients. Many useful proteins and considerable amounts of minerals are lost if excess water is used during cooking and is then thrown away.
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Which Vitamin Is Destroyed By Heat During Cooking?
Vitamin C gets easily destroyed by heat during cooking.
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What Will Happen, If Someone Takes Fat Enriched Food Regularly?
If someone takes fat enriched food regularly as тАФ milk, ghee, butter, fried food, samosa and poori, malai, rabdi and peda. It can be very harmful for him. To eat too much of fat rich foods and he may be suffering from a condition called obesity.
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Balance Diet
The food we normally eat in a day is our diet. For growth and maintenance of good health, our diet should have all the nutrients that our body needs, in right quantities. Not too much of one and not too little of the other. The diet should also contain a good amount of roughage and water. Such a diet is called a Balanced Diet.
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Define The Term Deficiency Diseases.
Deficiency of one or more nutrients can cause diseases or disorders in our body. Diseases that occur due to lack of nutrients over a long period are called deficiency diseases.
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A Person Takes A Diet Which Is Deficient In Both Components As Carbohydrate And Protein For A Long Time. What Will Happen To That Person?
If the diet is deficient in both carbohydrates and proteins for a long period of time, the growth may stop completely. Such a person becomes very lean and thin and so weak that he/she may not even be able to move. Deficiency of carbohydrates cause lack of energy and stamina. Deficiency of proteins cause kwashiorkor whereas combined deficiency of proteins and carbohydrates causes marasmus.
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If Someone Is Facing The Problem Of Weak Muscles And Very Little Energy To Work With Bleedings Gums. Is He Suffering From Any Diseases?
He is suffering from тАЬBeriberiтАЭ disease as the facing problem of weak muscles and very little energy to work. In the other hand, he is also suffering from тАЬScurvyтАЭ disease as bleeding gums. His wound takes longer time to heal.
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What Do You Mean By Malnutrition? Do You Know About Any Scheme To Prevent Malnutrition In Children Which Runs By Indian Government?
If a person does not get adequate food for a long time. As a result, he becomes weak the body does not get adequate nutrition it is said to be suffering from malnutrition. Malnutrition have stunted growth, swelling of face, discolouration of hair, skin diseases and diarrhoea and other problems can be seen. The mid-day-meal scheme has been launched by the government of India. Under this scheme, school going children are provided free nutritious food in their schools. It has to main motives тАУ to promote education in rural India, especially among poor children and to prevent malnutrition in children.
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Deficiency
A person may be getting enough food to eat, but sometimes the food may not contain a particular nutrient. If this continues over a long period of time, the person may suffer from its deficiency.
Tasty Food Is Not Always Nutritious And Nutritious Food May Not Always Be Tasty To Eat. Comment With Examples.
Tasty food is not always nutritious and nutritious food may not always be tasty to eat. This is true as the junk and processed food is tasty and is made to be addictive, but is unhealthy. Certain examples in favour of the above statement are:
i)Potato chips are tasty to eat but not nutritious as they contain huge amount of fats.
ii) Green leafy vegetables either boiled or steamed are very nutritious but not good in taste.
iii) Certain fast foods like pizza, burger, etc., are very good in test but are not nutritious as they contain huge amount of fat.
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тАЬWater Does Not Provide Nutrients, Yet It Is An Important Component Of FoodтАЭ. Explain.
Water does not provide nutrients, yet it is an important component of food due to following reasons:
i)It helps to our body in absorbing nutrients from food.
ii)It helps in transporting digestive food substances to different body cells.
iii)It helps to control and regulate the body temperature.
iv)It helps to prevent our body from dehydration.
v)It helps in removal of waste products from the body.
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How Do We Cure An Anaemia?
We should eat iron rich food such as apple, tomatoes, bananas, red meat, beans, dark green leafy vegetables (such as spinach), red meat, etc. to cure an anaemia disease.
Minerals And Vitamins Are Needed In Very Small Quantities By Our Body As Compared To Other Components, Yet They Are An Important Part Of A Balanced DietтАЭ. Explain The Statement.
Minerals and vitamins are needed in very small quantities by our body as compared to other components, yet, they are an important part of a balance diet, because if our body does not get sufficient amount of certain mineral or vitamin for a prolonged duration of time, then we might suffer from certain diseases called deficiency diseases. Such as:
i)Vitamins help in protecting our body against diseases. These are necessary for good eyesight (Vitamin-A), growth (Vitamin-B1), keeping teeth gums and healthy joints (Vitamin-C) and normal growth of bones and teeth (Vitamin-D).
ii)Minerals are needed in our body for building bones and teeth (calcium and phosphorus), formation of blood (iron), coagulation of blood and functioning of muscles (calcium) and functioning of thyroid gland (iron). Thus, assist in proper functioning normal growth and good health.
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